Events Impact and Events Stakeholder Management Essay

Occasions Impact and Events Stakeholder Management - Essay Example As indicated by the examination discoveries, there are a few sorts of occasions and they are fundamentally separated by their degree and capacity, they go from serene corporate ones to profoundly announced item dispatches and publicizing efforts to wearing exercises, for example, the FIFA world cup and the Olympics. Moreover, there are social occasions explicit to specific societies and social orders, at the outrageous high of occasions there are celebrations, which are basically super occasions that include hundreds, now and then thousands and keep going for quite a long time. Occasions, in any case, don't occur in the theoretical, they require significant assets as work capital and land, similar to each other industry they additionally have a lot of effects that outcome from their event. These effects can be either positive or negative, in numerous examples, occasions achieve social and social joining just as financial advancement particularly those intended to advance the travel i ndustry, for example, culture celebration. The occasion business utilizes a huge number of individuals in shifts limits and this making of work is a significant positive effect of the equivalent. In any case, there are a few negative effects coming about because of occasions, the primary ones incorporate ecological corruption just as social obstruction and financial awkward nature. Given the complexities that are engaged with occasion arranging and the board, the partner's occasion chiefs are frequently confronted with a moving errand in their endeavor to organize all the exercises and assets important to carry an occasion to a fruitful end. The partners engaged with any occasion may incorporate; coordinator, employee’s administration and cooking suppliers, crisis benefits, and secure vehicle and media staff just as the individuals from the open who have gone to the specific occasion.

Unique College Essays - Writing Tips

Unique College Essays - Writing TipsWhat are some of the most common reasons that students write unique college essays? Most people choose to write the same essay over again, hoping that it will be used by someone else in the future. If you want to make sure that your unique essay gets used and saved, there are a few things that you should be thinking about.First, you need to think about the topic of your essay. If you are writing about a current issue, you should make sure that you are very careful. You should go into the details of the issue and make sure that you come out with a well written essay. This is the best way to ensure that you are not plagiarizing someone else's work.Second, you should know what kinds of writing styles people generally prefer when they are writing essays. Many people tend to write with metaphors and comparisons. Other people prefer to use vignettes and word puzzles. If you want to make sure that your essay gets used and saved, you should be aware of the se writing styles.Third, you should make sure that you use the proper punctuation in your essay. People are more apt to read essays with proper punctuation and they are more likely to read articles with proper word breaks. If you want to make sure that your unique essay gets used and saved, you should make sure that you are writing with proper punctuation and word breaks.Fourth, you should make sure that you are taking time to edit your essay. There are many times when students will get so wrapped up in the writing process that they do not really pay attention to what they are doing. If you want to make sure that your unique essay gets used and saved, you should make sure that you give yourself the best chance possible to make changes and corrections.These are just a few ofthe many reasons that students choose to write unique college essays. There are many other reasons that people choose to write their own essays, but these are some of the most common. Remember that your unique ess ay is going to have an even greater chance of being used and saved if you are able to follow these tips. You should always put in the time to make sure that your essay is as good as it can be.Sometimes, you may be able to get creative when you are writing your own unique college essays. For example, you may want to look at the people who are currently in your university. You may want to think about what they do for a living. Maybe you can even think about what they would be doing if they were not attending the university.These are just a few of the many tips that you can use when you are writing your own unique college essays. You should never forget that you have to make the essay unique if you want to make sure that it gets used and saved. You should always write with different writing styles, make sure that you are punctuating correctly, and you should make sure that you put in the time to edit your work to make sure that it is as good as it can be.

Safety Cultures A Case Study from the Oil and Gas Industry free essay sample

These definitions share an ongoing theme, the possibility that culture is socially built. At the end of the day, individuals from the way of life being referred to make, characterize, secure and instruct it to new individuals. People can't work without societies. These frameworks give roadIN BRIEF maps to their individuals to know how †¢This contextual investigation talks about to comprehend what's going on in how new preparing recordings were their lives and how to manage it. Patdeveloped for high-chance, blueton (2002) characterizes culture as: neckline laborers in the oil and [T]hat assortment of conduct patgas extraction industry. terns and convictions that establishes: †¢NIOSH’s Oil and Gas Injury †¢standards for choosing what is; Reduction venture is centered †¢standards for choosing how around growing socially one feels about it; important and satisfactory mate†¢standards for choosing what to rials for laborers. do about it; †¢Steps for undertaking a †¢standards for concluding how to word related ethnography or approach doing it. We will compose a custom article test on Security Cultures: A Case Study from the Oil and Gas Industry or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page p. 81) work culture study are examCulture has been portrayed as â€Å"the ined, as are thoughts on why work aggregate programming of the brain stories matter, and who may be the best individuals to which recognizes the individuals from one gathering or class of individuals from star in preparing recordings. another† (Hofstede, 1997, p. 5). Sim†¢Tips on making preparing employ, culture is â€Å"the way we do things recordings in the field are offered around here. † also. An individual can be an individual from Elaine T. Cullen, Ph. D. , M. B. A. , CMSP, has gone through about 40 years in the field of word related security and wellbeing research, represent considerable authority in underground coal and hard rock mining. Situated in Spokane, WA, she worked for the U. S. Authority of Mines’ Spokane Research Lab for a long time, at that point for NIOSH, for which she was the lab’s interchanges boss. In the wake of resigning from the central government, she began Prima Consulting Services and is as of now filling in as a word related wellbeing advisor with NIOSH’s Oil and Gas Injury Prevention program. Cullen’s essential research interests are in creating successful preparing for high-hazard laborers, and in the force stories need to show working environment wellbeing. She is an individual from ASSE’s Inland Northwest Chapter and of the Mining and Oil Gas practice claims to fame. Compelling Training By Elaine T. Cullen C a wide range of societies. An individual might be an individual from a family that has its own standards and conventions; s/he might be an individual from a congregation that gives distinct direction on what comprises moral conduct; s/he might be a graduate of a school with very much characterized traditions; and s/he may work for an association with set up arrangements and methodology. Each culture varies from the others, with various individuals, and with decides and gauges that oversee various components of a person’s life. These societies share basic qualities, be that as it may. Societies: †¢are socially built frameworks; †¢have created after some time; †¢are shared by the entirety of the individuals; †¢define who is a part and who isn't; †¢provide a social guide on what is worthy and what isn't; †¢can be hard to portray however are very clear to the two individuals and untouchables. Societies are significant on the grounds that they control, to an enormous degree, the activities of everybody within them. Arnould and Wallendorf (1994) portray culture as â€Å"the total aggregate of scholarly convictions, qualities, and customs that serve to request, manage, and direct the conduct of individuals . . . [it is] that which one has to know to carry on in a way worthy to its members† (p. 485). An individual from a culture can't conflict with that culture and hope to 40 ProfessionalSafety MARCH 2011 www. asse. organization stay a confided in insider. The way of life will consistently have punishments for rule breakers; in extraordinary cases, those punishments will incorporate expulsion. Word related Ethnography Occupational societies have specific noteworthiness for SHE experts since they control how laborers act at work. Laborers in high-chance businesses, for example, mining, business angling, or oil and gas extraction don't for the most part characterize themselves by who they work for, but instead by what they do. In a considerable lot of these ventures, laborers are genuinely transient, moving from mine to mine, vessel to pontoon, or apparatus to fix, looking for better compensation, yet in addition for better working conditions or, once in a while, to accomplish something other than what's expected. Hard rock digging has a term for these excavators, calling them tramp diggers, since they tramp from site to site, or gypos, a term for the most part accepted to get from their vagabond nature. Laborers who allude to themselves as gypos, roughnecks or seiners are more emphatically associated with their word related standards than to any organization strategies. In the event that they don't care for the organization rules, they just proceed onward. Approaches and methods that are not satisfactory to a work culture won't be embraced by the workforce, paying little mind to authoritative outcomes. Consequently, it bodes well for an individual attempting to persuade laborers to change the manner in which they get things done to comprehend their work societies and to utilize those societies as opposed to battle against them. Ethnography is the investigation of human societies. While sociologists frequently use ethnography to realize why youngsters begin smoking, for instance, or how friendly requests pull in new individuals, it is an incredible device to figure out how word related societies work. It is the essential apparatus utilized in a NIOSH venture concentrated on creating compelling security and wellbeing preparing for the landbased oil and gas (OG) extraction and creation industry, normally known as the upstream bit of that industry (which incorporates investigation, boring and all adjusting activities for the wells themselves). Research remembered for this venture is subjective as opposed to quantitative in nature in that specialists are increasingly keen on finding what is happening and why than in estimating or assessing. Social affair Information on Work Cultures If word related culture is a key to specialist conduct, at that point it bodes well that a wellbeing mentor, preparing engineer or administrator ought to comprehend the standards and qualities, the desires and disallowances, the legends and the lowlifess, and, especially, the narratives shared among individuals from the way of life. These variables give pieces of information about what controls the way of life has on the laborers, and all can be utilized to make preparing that not exclusively will be acknowledged, yet additionally esteemed. How can one start to examine a work culture? A work culture can't be concentrated successfully from a separation. To become familiar with the way of life and the main thing to laborers, one must visit worksites and invest energy with laborers, regardless of whether on angling pontoons or at building destinations, mines or oil rigs. When NIOSH subsidized the undertaking to examine the way of life of OG extraction and creation laborers, the initial step was to make a composed arrangement to accumulate data on key themes. This arrangement depended on encounters and information picked up while contemplating mining societies. This included: †¢demographic designs; †¢environmental issues; †¢work rehearses; †¢occupational standards and qualities; †¢workplace restrictions and denials; †¢language one of a kind to this culture; †¢beliefs normal to laborers, especially convictions about security; †¢geographical contrasts starting with one oil field then onto the next; †¢recognized saints and guides; †¢stories told by individuals; †¢differences in organization societies. Ethnographers assemble this kind of data in three essential manners (LeCompte Schensul, 1999). They study: 1) what individuals state (this incorporates the â€Å"tribal language† or language generally utilized); 2) what individuals do; 3) what curios (or archives) they decide to make. Concentrating any culture in situ requires drenching of the analyst, somewhat, in the work culture itself. While SHE faculty might be enticed to make proposals or attempt to impact workers’ activities while watching, it is basic to avoid the way and make no endeavor to change or predisposition the way of life at this phase of the procedure. This does exclude circumstances where workers’ lives are in harm's way. SHE experts must address those right away. ) To build up a substantial image of work culture that is valuable for making socially adequate preparing materials, the analyst must remain impartial, and restrict his/her activities to posing inquiries, looking for explanation and viewing. Those acclimated with quick reactions to any circumstance may at first see an ethnogra phic investigation as a since a long time ago, drawn-out procedure, especially on the off chance that they have no earlier information on the work or the way of life of the laborers. In any case, finding out about laborers so as to make security preparing that is special to their requirements is anything but an exercise in futility. The most evident advantage is the capacity to make progressively compelling preparing. Finding out About the OG Industry The information gathering plan for this task started with going into the field and conversing with laborers. The OG extraction industry in the U. S. is isolated www. asse. organization MARCH 2011 ProfessionalSafety 41 Photo 1: Walking rigs are enormous land-put together apparatuses utilized with respect to areas where various wells are penetrated in a little zone. nto unmistakable fields that are followed and revealed by the Energy Administration Information office of the Department of Energy (www. eia. doe. gov/oil_gas/rpd/topfields. pdf). Certain fields were chosen as beginning stages, remembering the Permian Basin for west Texas, the Piceance Basin in western Colorado, the San Juan Basin in northwest New Mexico, the Barnett Shales in focal Texas, the Jonah Fields of northern Colorado, and the TXLA-MS Salt Province of east Texas and Louisiana. These fields I

Inigo Montoya as the True Hero of The Princess Bride - Literature Essay Samples

â€Å"Hello. My name is Inigo Montoya. You killed my father. Prepare to die.† The Princess Bride is a cultural phenomenon at this point, as a loving satire of the fantasy genre. The movie catapulted this story to its popular culture status, and audiences fell in love with the heroic Westley saving the Princess Buttercup from the evil Prince Humperdinck. But is Westley truly the hero of this movie? The answer to this question draws some interesting parallels with another culturally significant movie, and points to the idea that while the movie is about the love between Westley and Buttercup, the truly heroic character in this movie is Inigo Montoya, the man who will stop at nothing to avenge his father. To provide basis for this claim, one must first look at Westley’s characteristics. Westley is most definitely the protagonist of this story, and the lead character. His suave demeanor, wit, and cleverness lend him an almost godlike stature. He is a better swordsman than Inigo, a better fighter than the giant Fezzik, and a smarter man than Vizzini. While W estley’s skill gives him the means to play the hero, the movie instead portrays him as a mysterious force, and someone who may not be wholly good. In The Princess Bride, Westley is intended to be attractive to young boys. He is clever, conniving, and occasionally chaotic. Westley is an rugged, world-weary man who is in love with an idealized fantasy girl. To make Westley’s role in the movie far more apparent, Westley’s character in the movie is altogether reminiscent of a genre-switched Han Solo. Both men are suave characters who dance perilously close to the realm of illegality. Westley is the Dread Pirate Roberts while Han Solo is a smuggler. Both men are extremely competent in whatever task they set their mind to, and both of them are somewhat cruel to their love interests over the course of the film. While Westley is, by this measure, a very important character in the movie, it leaves the role of fantasy hero open, as Westley is not the idealized hero that a fantasy story tends to thrive on. While Inigo Montoya is not an idealized character in this story, either, in the satirized world that The Princess Bride takes place in, Inigo’s quest for revenge fulfills many more of the requirements for a traditional fantasy hero than Westley’s quest for his abandoned love. Inigo’s father was murdered by a six-fingered man after the man refused to pay for a fancy sword. Inigo, scarred and abandoned in the world, grew up with the goal to become the best fencer in the world in order to defeat the six-fingered man in honorable combat. It just so happens that the man is Count Rugen, an evil man who has dedicated his life to the study of torture. At this point, one can begin to see the beginnings of a fantasy story developing in the subplot between Inigo and Rugen. While this is not the main plot of the story, the climactic battle is between Count Rugen and Inigo Montoya, and the battle shows Inigo’s almost superhuman desire for revenge, shaking off multiple stab wounds in order to defeat Rugen. To oppose this burst of heroism, Westley, rendered literally immobile by Rugen earlier in the novel, instead outthinks Prince Humperdinck, somewhat denying the audience the conflict that the movie has built up towards. In this sense, Inigo is idealized as the hero, and given his means of revenge, while Westley is shown not as a hero, but as a pragmatist, banking on the prince’s cowardice to outweigh his belief that Westley is truly injured. While this is a clever resolution of the issue, and by no means shameful, it does not lend the same dramatic tension as Inigo’s battle with Rugen. Perhaps the most interesting way to look at the difference in heroism between the Westley and Inigo would be their effects on the common person in the story. The two have equally despicable individuals standing against them over the course of the story, and yet only one of them is truly defeated. Inigo kills Count Rugen, and thus rids the world of a powerful man with an affinity for torturing innocents. This is inarguably a noble goal. On the other hand, when we begin to analyze Westley’s goals, he wished nothing more than to save his love for himself. Westley does not kill Humperdinck or even majorly inconvenience him. He merely leaves him tied to a chair for someone else to find and escapes with the princess. As Humperdinck’s plan was originally to kill Princess Buttercup and frame Guilder for the entire ordeal, the fact that the princess has been taken and presumably killed in a siege on his wedding night actually works into his plan admirably. Westley doesn’t seem to care for the people who are inconvenienced by the rule of Prince Humperdinck, or for the war he might have brought upon an innocent people. He is content to retire rich and happy with the person he cares about. While this may be a happy ending, it is assuredly not a heroic one. While Westley is an admirable character, and his novelized form is assuredly the prototype of lovable, charismatic characters like Han Solo, his actions over the course of the movie show that he is only out for himself and Princess Buttercup, and thus he is not fit to be an archetypal fantasy hero. Inigo, however, while on a quest for vengeance, overcomes adversity, helps Westley get the love of his life back, and conquers his flaw of alcoholism in order to defeat the man who killed his father, showing himself to be the true hero all along.

The Ethics Of The Ethical Systems - 872 Words

The Ethical Systems In ethics, four systems serve as different beliefs concerning our morals: Relativism Ethics, Consequentialism Ethics, Deontological Ethics, and Virtue Ethics. These four theories attempt to define what right and wrong should be and how one should handle any situation. There are many strengths and weaknesses of each view. The goal is to determine which theory is the best by exploring real world situations and questioning the claims that just don’t work out. RELATIVISM ETHICS There are two different types of relativistic views: Cultural Relativism and Subjectivism. Cultural Relativism is the belief that culture defines what is right and wrong. Subjectivism is the belief that the individual person decides what is right and wrong. Many pros and cons exist with an overall relativistic view. First, the positive: Someone with this view will obviously be very tolerant and is not likely to discriminate against a different culture or person. Also, morality depends on a social experience, instead of being derived from a higher being, morality is derived from the surrounding people. It is good to know the diversity and experience the many aspects of the world. Although this might sound like a perfect world for everyone to be tolerant and understanding of one another, there are many flaws to this theory. One flaw is that with this way of thinking, justice cannot exist. If someone committed murder, they cannot be punished because they believe murder is right, whichSh ow MoreRelatedEthical Systems : Ethics And Ethics Essay1219 Words   |  5 Pages Ethical System Reflection The Ethics in Justice course has outlined various ethical systems. This was done using the course textbook: Ethical Dilemmas and Decisions in Criminal Justice HUM 3350 Custom Edition by Lethbridge College, and peer presentations on each of the ethical systems outlined in the text. Ethical systems provide a foundation, in a variety of areas, for individuals in determining, morals, and actions within their lives (Pollock, 2015). Individuals may fit various characteristicsRead MoreEthical Ethics Of The Ethical System Essay2078 Words   |  9 Pagespeople believe that ethical systems are important to the world, or do you believe you have to actually learn about it to understand? The main focus of this paper is to better understand the ethical system. Ethical system is defined as beliefs of being right or wrong; it can be from religious values or even personal experiences. The topics I will focus on is teleological, then talk a little about the differences between deontological and tele ological. Secondly, my current ethical system that best fitsRead MoreThe Ethical Ethics Of The Court System2198 Words   |  9 PagesAbstract This paper is going to be over the ethical misconduct that comes when working for or in a court system. Daily there are criminals being sent to prison and being released from prison; some for crimes that they committed, some for crimes that they were just there at the wrong time for. But is there ever a time where people are sent to serve a sentence for a crime they did not commit? The answer is yes. Many of the public do not have a strong liking for lawyers, judges, or mainly just peopleRead MoreImportance Of Business Ethics On Previous And Current Literature Essay1459 Words   |  6 PagesImportance of business ethics in previous and current literature Previous Methodologies used for Studying Business Ethics Majority of the literature reviewed relied heavily on questionnaires and surveys as the chosen methodology. According to Rowley (2014), questionnaires are the â€Å"most widely used means of collecting data† (p. 308). However, when designing a questionnaire or survey researchers should consider the type of questions being used, sensitivity of questions asked, content and lengthRead MoreEssay on Teleological and Deontological Ethical Systems916 Words   |  4 Pagessimilarities and differences in deontological and teleological ethical systems. Each of the ethical systems will be discussed in a compare and contrast so that they are made clear to what they mean. There are seven major ethical systems that are either deontological systems or they are teleological systems. Teleological and Deontological Ethical Systems When looking at two separate definitions and trying to tellRead MoreOrganizational Ethics934 Words   |  4 PagesWeek Three Managerial Ethics †¢ Identify typical ethical problems of managers. †¢ Recognize differences in ethical behavior and responsibility between an employee and a manager. Course Assignments 4. Readings †¢ Read Ch. 6 7 of Managing Business Ethics. †¢ Read this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings. 5. Learning Team Instructions †¢ Begin preparing for the Ethics in the Workplace Case Study Action Plan Presentation due in Week Five by reading one of the following case studiesRead MoreA Paper on Ethics1255 Words   |  5 PagesEthics Introduction There are a variety of different ethical systems that have developed of the course of millennia. However, even though the subject has been covered so thoroughly, it is still heavily debated. The varieties of ethical systems that are in existence look at various ethical problems from different perspectives and can be applied differently in different circumstances. Because of the subjective aspects to applying ethics, they can be as much an art as they are a science. EthicsRead More Personal Ethics Development Essay1074 Words   |  5 Pages Ethical behavior and development are traits and skills that are always improving. Although the skills are improving the basic make up remain the same. The ability to incorporate character, morals, and values encourage a person’s ability to enhance the ethical behavior of an individual. This paper will define the ethical system used to best develop a person, discuss the potential effect that can become beneficial to the corporate environ ment and explain why organizations need ethics within theRead MoreEthical Standards For All Of Humanity1191 Words   |  5 PagesDetermining ethical standards for all of humanity is flawed due to humanities differences and deficiencies. Culture is deeply ingrained in most of humanity and culture dictates an area’s ethics and morals. Ethics debates the concept of right and wrong, while recommending actions. Being a branch of philosophy, ethics are purely a matter of opinion. The only system of creating ethical creatures is one of education and thought stimulation. All of humanity needs to traverse through a journey of deepRead MoreEthics in Criminal Justice Administration1433 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Ethics in Criminal Justice Administration CJA 484 Lori Madison Nowhere is ethical behavior more important than the administration of criminal justice. Lack of ethical behavior undermines the purpose of the criminal justice system. The cost of unethical behavior will be the downfall of the criminal justice system and only by gaining a true understanding of what ethical behavior is and how to maintain it will the system continue to flourish. While the ethical standard individuals

Bully a True Story of High School Revenge - 2082 Words

The story of Bobby Kent, a true Bully, can be read through the writings of Jim Schutze. Bobby Kent was a young man who grew up in Broward Country Florida and seemed to live two completely different lifestyles. To parents and teachers, he was often times known as an intelligent individual with goals that would lead to success in the future. Bobby Kent was a young man who maintained good grades in school and seemed to be athletic. He was naturally charming and attractive while appearing to have good character. Bobby Kent had parents who wanted nothing but the best for him and were determined to give him what has become known as the American Dream. His father, Fred Kent insisted that Bobby become his own boss and offered to help him open up†¦show more content†¦Lisa believed that Bobby Kent was the main negative influence on Marty Puccios life and that the relationship the two boys had must come to an end at some point. In trying to detour Bobby Kent from Martys life, Lisa intr oduced Bobby Kent to one of her friends, Allison Willis. Allison Willis was known by the name of Ali to her friends and she too was a high school dropout. Allison had many outbursts and often times acted crazy but her parents seldom said or did anything because they felt it related back to when she was raped at the age of fourteen. Lisa introduced Bobby and Allison in a selfish attempt to better the relationship that she (Lisa) had with Marty. A close friend to Allison Willis is Heather Swallers who also has a violent history. In Heathers situation, there are no close family ties and her family shows a history of drugs. Heathers actions in taking part of the murder of Bobby Kent are in all actuality not surprising when one has looked at her family history. Heathers grandfather became a well-known killer and Heather was reminded of this time and time again by her mother. Another important character shows a strong relationship to both Allison Willis and Bobby Kent. This is so because he is the new boyfriend of Allison Willis and therefore, serves as the replacement for Bobby Kent. This young man goes by the name of Donald Semenec. Like many of the others mentioned thus far, Donald is a high school drop outShow MoreRelatedCyber Bullying And Its Effect On Society1201 Words   |  5 Pagesbullying, reported or not, is high. BODY PARAGRAPH 1 Cyber bullying can give a person the same feelings as bullying in the real world. One who is bullied will have a significantly lower self-esteem (this is a generalization, but is true for most), and may eventually begin to question their self-worth. In several different documented cases, the subjects of bullying have contemplated, attempted, and sometimes even succeeded suicide. At some (now required by law for all schools) consolers are present inRead MorePersuasive Essay On School Bullying1714 Words   |  7 Pages Back in the past many have focused on drug and alcohol use in school students along with students carrying weapons to schools, and it seemed as if no one was recognizing the significance of school bullying. For victims of bullying, they go to school every day facing harassment, taunting, and humiliation. Kids today come home and kill themselves or never want to go back to school because of BULLYING. â€Å"Studies show that 25-35% of teens encountered some type of bullying in their lifetime (NanselRead MoreBullying And Its Effect On Children1072 Words   |  5 Pagesbullying, social bullying, cyberbullying and many more. Bullying is the act of intentionally harming others through harassment, assault or manipulation. Source A is an example of how a student had been bullied in grade school. When they got to a bigger school called Junior High, they had less chance to interact. One day that student had come to the cafeteria where the other student was eating lunch. Unexpectedly, he c ame over and started punching the other student on the arm. That student had enoughRead MoreEssay Bullying1404 Words   |  6 Pagesshort story â€Å"Black Boy,† Richard Wright shows how he was bullied as a young African American boy. However, bullying is not limited to one type of person living in one time period. It still exists today in the form of young people getting bullied on the streets, and at school. It could be very harmful, and could lead to serious damages, but sometimes it could help  by making people stand  up for themselves, or it would cause more harm. First of all, how to define bullying? Some people bully and someRead MoreCyberbullying has sadly become an everyday thing for many teens all across the world. 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Canteen Thesis free essay sample

The school environment plays an important role in nurturing and sustaining good eating habits (http://www. hpb. gov. sg/Hopportal/health-article/2818). This became the basis for the researchers to focus on the problem regarding the functionality of the school cafeteria facilities and the satisfaction of the students toward it. The researches chose to study the given topic to find out if the school cafeteria meets the satisfaction of the students in terms of nutritional value of products, its marketability or cost, sanitation of the facilities and its adequacy and for the cafeteria to be informed on the things that they must improve in their services. Canteen has a special role to play in education, health and well being of the students (danila, 2010). The school canteen is important because 1. It gives the students a taste for healthy foods 2. It supports nutrition messages taught in class 3. It shows the students better choices for lunches and snacks (http://www. scribd. com/doc/47463383/importance-of-canteen). The research seeks to explore the following fields of sanitation, nutritional value and marketability of the sold products. The researchers have to come up with the following observations. 1. There are only few choices of food for the students in the cafeteria 2. The facilities like tables, chairs, utensils and plates cannot accommodate the large population of the students 3. Most of the students eat their lunches in the 15 eateries outside the campus. The researchers have chosen the above title with the following purposes; 1. To provide the canteen management information that may help in improving the services offered to canteen-goers. 2. To provide recommendations to improve their services 3. For future studies it will serve as basis relating the functionality of the school cafeteria. In the line of the observations made by the researchers, they would like to study the functionality of the school cafeteria and students satisfaction as perceived by the laboratory high school students of LSPU-SPCC A. Y 2012-2013. Background of the study: Providing meals and rooms for the students has been a tradition in the western countries. From the 12th century to medieval ages, hostels were set up at European colleges and universities. Until World War II, colleges provided separate dining halls for men and women, trained students’ social graces and satisfied their dietary needs. (Danila, 2010) The first self-service restaurant was the Exchange Buffet in New York City, opened in September 4, 1885. Food was purchased at the counter and patrons standing up. During 1893 an entrepreneur named John Kruger emphasized the simplicity and light fare and he called it the â€Å"Cafeteria† from the Spanish word â€Å"coffee shop†. (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/cafeteria). Then later on, schools began providing food for children because many of them were undernourished. Food sold in the cafeterias before were real potatoes, real pasta and they baked real cookies, most of the foods were free of artificial flavors. Today the food being served to children has been substituted by many artificial ingredients compared to past. (http://caffoodmsuet. eebly. com/history. html) The school cafeteria advisory committee was established by the Department of Education and the Arts to promote and support the development of healthy school canteens and to provide advice and all aspects of the planning, establishment and operations of a school cafeteria. School canteens or cafeterias should be established to benefit children by making it possible for children to buy nutritious and healthy food at complete meal. It should be easier for children to remain within the school grounds during lunch time for their own safety. Through providing experiences of a variety of foods and dishes, they support the skills and knowledge learned in the classroom about food and nutrition. (http://www. discover. tased. edu. au/hpe/cmh/Default. htm) Principals and canteen committees should be familiar with the Australian Dietary Guidelines. A canteen policy which has these as a basis would be valuable as they encourage those in control of providing food to reduce health risks from poor nutrition is about making healthy food choices, aving healthy attitudes toward food, and having access to healthy food choices and balance and moderation. (http://www. discover. tased. edu. au/hpe/cmh/Default. htm) Statement of the Problem The research study aims to find out the functionality of the school cafeteria facilities as perceived by the Laboratory High school students of Laguna State Polytechnic University A. Y 2012-2013. Specifically, the study seeks to answer the following questions: 1. What is the profile of the students in t erms of : 1. 1 age; 1. 2 gender; 2. What is the level of student’s satisfaction in terms of : 2. 1 cleanliness of the canteen; 2. 2 services provided; 2. 3 ventilation; 2. 4 nutritional values of sold products; 2. 5 cost of products; 3. What is the rating of the respondents on the functionality of cafeteria facilities in terms of : 3. 1 number of tables and chairs: 3. 2 service counter: 3. 3 capacity: 3. 4 restrooms: and 3. 5 ventilation equipments; 4. Is there a significant relationship between school cafeteria functionality and student’s satisfaction? Conceptual Framework Table1. Research Paradigm Table 1. 1 shows the possible relationship between the independent variables such as age, gender, cleanliness of the canteen, services provided, ventilation, nutritional value of sold products, cost of products, numbers of tables and chairs, service counter, restrooms and ventilation equipments and the dependent variable/s which includes the level of students satisfaction in terms of the cafeteria given above. Hypothesis In the line of the observations made by the researchers, they would like to present the hypothesis below. . Is there a significant relationship between the functionality of school cafeteria and the students satisfaction made by Laguna State Polytechnic University-San Pablo City Campus Laboratory High school students A. Y 2012-2013. Significance of the study The research will be of significant to: To the Canteen Personnel, For them to find out if they meet the satisfaction of the students and for them to be informed if improvement is needed in terms of their service. To the School Administrator, For them to find out if the school cafeteria needs their support in the improvement of the facilities. For future researches, it will serve as basis in giving related studies about the satisfaction of the students in the school cafeteria functionality. Scope and limitation The study is specifically focuses on the respondents perception on the functionality of school cafeteria facilities among the Laboratory High school students of Laguna State Polytechnic University San Pablo City Campus A. Y 2012-2013. This study was limited to the level of student’s satisfaction in terms of services provided, ventilation, nutritional values of sold products and cost of products. Functionality of school cafeteria facilities is measured in terms of number of tables and chairs, service counter, capacity, restrooms and ventilation equipments. The respondents of this study will be sixty (60) selected high school students, fifteen (15) respondents each section of the laboratory high school, fifteen respondents coming from each year level. Definition of Terms The following terms are defined operationally: School Cafeteria- In this study, it refers to the place found in schools where students buy their food to have energy for the time of classes. Facilities- In this study, it pertains to the amenity that makes the customer comfortable. Functionality- In this study, it refers to the use or the functions of the cafeteria facilities. Services provided- In this study, it refers to the duties of the personnel for the students. Ventilation- In this study, it refers to supplying the students with air to make them comfortable to eat. Nutritional value- In this study, it refers to the sustenance the food can give to the students. Cost- In this study, it refers to the prices of food that the students will buy at the canteen. Service counter- In this study, it pertains to the area where the students give their payment. Capacity- In this study, it pertains to the number of students that can accommodate the area of the canteen.

Living in a Faceless World free essay sample

Ben Dingman Period 2 October 2, 2012 Living in a Faceless World Imagine not being able to recognize your parents, living your everyday life at school and work, let alone recognizing yourself when you look into the mirror. Living in a Faceless World written by Joshua Davis is an article of how Brad Duchaine tries to solve the mystery of prosopagnosia. Fortunately, the majority of people don’t have to life with this condition. Duchaine’s first studies were on Zoe Hunn and Bill Choisser and how the condition affected their lives personally.Duchaine tried to help them learn more about their condition. Our parents most of the time pass down at least one trait that we are not too fond of. Unfortunately in Zoe Hunn’s life case, her father passed down prosopagnosia. Both of them just assumed they were bad with faces. Since Zoe couldn’t even recognize herself, she had no idea how gorgeous she was. We will write a custom essay sample on Living in a Faceless World or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When she was fourteen years old, her friends convinced her to do a modeling contest with them; which she ended up winning. Her prize was an offer from a modeling agency. She ended up being signed by Models 1 in London.Whenever she looked at photos, she could never recognize or spot herself. Since she was completely unable to appreciate how beautiful she was, she decided to go see a doctor. When the doctor didn’t find anything abnormal about her, he suggested counseling for shyness. Zoe never got actual help for her problem. She continued to travel and pursue her modeling career. When she was in Edinburgh, Scotland for the annual theater festival; she saw a performer that changed her life. His name was Mick and he was a tall mime with white hair and intense black eyebrows.Davis stated on page 53, â€Å"He was the first person she felt she’d ever really seen. † Mick was also the first person she had ever recognized, due to his distinctive features; she realized that when she saw him again at a bar and knew who he was. She was so compelled by this experience that she had to go introduce herself. From the first they met they were madly in love with each other and soon afterwards they were walking down the aisle to get married. One day in their new home, she came across an article about a man named Brad Duchaine and his work with face blindness.It described everything that she has been going through her whole life; symptoms like the incapability to recognize faces, leading to social embarrassment and a sense of isolation. She was overwhelmed with emotion when she read this because it helped explain to her who she was. Bill Choisser is another person who suffers from fact blindness. He thought he was normal because he assumed that nobody saw faces either, however, he slowly figured out that he was abnormal. Choisser grew up to be a lawyer but he had some setbacks due to his condition.As Davis further explains on page 52, â€Å"During the 1970s, as a small-town lawyer in the Illinois Ozarks, he struggled to convince clients that he was competent even though he couldn’t find them in court. He never greeted the judges when he passed them on the street – everyone looked similarly blank to him – and he developed a reputation for arrogance. † Prosopagnosia even affected his family life; he grew distant from his mother. After being fed up with the feeling of emptiness, he left town and wanted to find a way to better his life. He got a job as a number cruncher at a construction firm in San Francisco. This job was good for him because it kept him isolated and he didn’t have to talk to people much. He felt a sense of freedom since his was far away from home, and started to wear colorful bandanas and let his hair grow out. With doing so, his appearance was distinguishable enough to help him recognize himself. With this recent confidence boost, it gave him the confidence to go see doctors. One doctor suggested that he might have emotional problems and referred him to a psychiatrist but no medicine worked. He decided to post a message about his experiences on a Usenet group, which was devoted to people with neurological problems.His subject was â€Å"Trouble Recognizing Faces†, and soon after he got a reply from somebody who had the same issue. Brad Duchaine, an upcoming neuroscientist, struggled to fine a suitable subject for research. One night when he was having dinner with his parents and one of their friends, he talked about how he knew someone who couldn’t recognize faces. Duchaine wanted to find out more so he decided to call their parents. The father that he spoke to referred him to Bill Choisser’s Yahoo group and Web site; where there were a community of people with â€Å"face blindness† chatting online, discussing their issues.This was Duchaine’s big break to become a neuroscientist; seeing how nobody had actually studied the issue. A German doctor had previously named the condition â€Å"prosopagnosia† after observing an army lieutenant who had survived getting hit in the head by shrapnel. After Duchaine contacted Choisser, Choisser agreed to be his first clinical subject. Choisser was tested on his ability to recognize small differences between the same types of objects. Davis states on page 53, â€Å"In one exam, Duchaine asked him to memorize the details of a particular house.Duchaine then showed him 150 pictures of other houses and randomly threw in images of the original. † Choisser was successful in identifying it. After running other tests, it was apparent that the brain’s system for processing faces is separate from its system for discerning other things. Duchaine contacted and tested other people with the same condition and found tons of evidence that supported the fact that they can differentiate objects, just not faces. In 2004, he and Ken Nakayama conducted studies to find out the number of people who suffer from prosopagnosia. They assessed 1,600 people online, giving them face-recognition tests, and found that 32 had severely impaired face recognition. A German researcher also found that 17 out of 680 high school and college students had prosopagnosia as well. If the ratio was consistent, that would mean that nearly 6 million people in the US are face blind. In conclusion, prosopagnosia has a huge impact on people’s lives. For instance, Zoe Hunn, a rapidly rising model, didn’t even know she was beautiful because she couldn’t recognize herself.

Head Lice Essay Essay Example

Head Lice Essay Essay Example Head Lice Essay Essay Head Lice Essay Essay Head lice, spend their entire life on the human scalp, feeding on human blood. The hosts of the parasite are humans. They do not normally in breed, however it can happen. Head lice are more common in children however they can affect a person at age or gender whatsoever. The female louse lay 3-4 eggs per day, and the eggs attach to the base of the hair shaft. The eggs need to be kept warm so the female lays them close to the scalp in cool climates and in warm weather the eggs can be laid further away from the scalp. The eggs are attached by glue from the female reproductive system; the glue then hardens, and covers the hair shaft and large parts of the egg apart from the operculum which is where the embryo breathes. The eggs are approximately 8mm long; they can be bright to a tan coloured. After the egg is hatched, the nymph leaves its shell behind. The shell stays in the hair until it is removed by the lice or by accident. The nymph will moult three times before it reaches adulthood. The abdomen grows in size after each moult. Head lice cannot survive away from the human head. The lice will mate which produces fertile eggs. The lice may find a pair in the first 10 hours of adult live, and begin mating from then on at any time of the night or day. The lice feed 4-5 days a day on human blood to survive. The lice take over the whole head however, popular areas to find them are above the neck or behind the ears. Lice move by climbing from hair to hair with their claw like legs. They invest in a new head by close contact with two people. The most common ways for the lice  to spread is shared hair brushes, towels, clothing or head to head contact. Symptoms of head lice include: itchy scalp- especially behind the ears and at the back of the head. Prev Page Diphtheria Diphtheria causes bad inflammation of the trachea, nose and throat. It is a serious contagious disease. There is many symptoms and signs included in this disease, some may include runny nose. Thankfully, because of the vaccine diphtheria is rare in most developing countries. The disease is caused by the bacterium (Corynebacterium diphtheria. It makes  toxins which causes an strange membrane to grow in the throat, which can lead to possible suffocation. Some other dangerous complications are heart failure and paralysis through the body. About 10 percent of the people diagnosed with the diease die from it. Some of the signs and symptoms are: fever, breathing problems, swallowing problems, swollen lymph nodes in the throat, runny nose, servere sore throat, abnormal cardiac rythums, fever, generally feeling unwell, breathing and swallowing problems and a furry grey/ black coating on the throat membranes,  which is made up of bacteria and dead cells. The symptoms normally begin within two to seven days after infection. Sometimes a skin infection may take place which is called cutaneous diphtheria however, it is rare. The skin infection occours when the wound is inflamed, sore and full of puss. It may be surrounded by grey skin patches. If diphtheria goes untreated, serious complications may occur. Some include: kidney damage, nerve damage, which health problems depending on which nerves are affected, heart damage, including heart failure or inflammation. Diagnosis of diphtheria may include: travel history, medical history including immunisation history, physical examination and swabs of the throat or wound. The treatment available for diphtheria is: hospitalisation, isolation to prevent the spread of infection, antibiotics (penicillin which destroys bacteria), diphtheria antitoxin given and other medicins to reduce the risk of adverse reactions to the vaccine which may include corticosteroids, adrenaline or antihistamines, surgery to remove the grey membrane in the throat if needed, treatment of  complications and bed rest for six weeks or longer depending on how severe the illness is The best and easiest way to prevent diphtheria is immunisation, if you are caring for someone with diphtheria, you must use strict hygiene (washing hands, and get a vaccination booster). The disease is spread by direct physical contact or breathing the aerosolized individuals. Diphtheria is a rare disease and there hasn’t been any cases Prev Page reported since 2003. After symptoms occur, the person is urged to seek immediate medical attention.

The Influence of Demographic Characteristics on Leadership Practices Research Paper

The Influence of Demographic Characteristics on Leadership Practices in the Hotel Industry - Research Paper Example The rampant globalization of the international market has caused significant growth in the diversity of employee demographics. In order to keep up with the growing demands for quality and innovation, many organizations have formulated new management styles that promote interdependence among the workforce (Gould, 2008). With the aim of determining suitable management styles, various studies have been conducted on employee demographics and how it affects the performance of an organization (Tannenbaum and Schmidt, 2009). There are several management styles that have its advantages and limitations. Such management styles address specific points of interest within the workforce. However, better understanding has to be garnered in order to properly impose management programs that best suits the needs of a company and its subordinates. Moreover, it is necessary to understand how to eliminate or at least minimize the negative effects of social differences within the workforce through proper management techniques. The effects of social differences among the workforce have caused organizations to suffer in terms of performance. Discrimination has also emerged from such growing employee diversity (Appleby, 2007). It has become a necessity for organizations to respond to such issues through effective management programs (Sfodera, 2006). Moreover, the results of this study would be of great value to hotel management officers, enabling them to make better decisions in their management practices. Essentially, the management is the core to the successful performance of an organization (Tannenbaum and Schmidt, 2009). ... Research Objectives 1) To determine hotel employees’ perceptions of the leadership styles practiced within their organisation; 2) To ascertain whether demographic traits influence leadership style perceptions a) gender b) age c) nationality d) educational attainment; 3) To put forth recommendations for improving leadership practices within the hotel. Review of Related Literature Management Styles In the broad sense, management styles are the manner and techniques of handling subordinates and making decisions with them. There are various management styles that fit well in particular circumstances (Tannenbaum and Schmidt, 2009). Moreover, managers should impose different management styles in order to compensate for the weaknesses of every technique. Among the common management styles are Autocratic, Paternalistic, Democratic, Laissez-Faire, and Management by Walking Around (MBWA) Autocratic The Autocratic style is where a manager makes unilateral decisions without giving much co nsideration for the subordinates. This results to decisions and outcomes that reflect the personality and opinion of the manager. Such management style projects a confident, structured and well-managed business. However, the subordinates may end up becoming too dependent on the manager; thus, requiring more supervision (Hurley, 2010). Autocratic leaders could be further categorized into two types: the Directive Autocrat; and the Permissive Autocrat (Tannenbaum and Schmidt, 2009). The Directive Autocrat makes decisions unilaterally while giving much attention and close supervision of the subordinates. On the other hand, the Permissive Autocrat makes unilateral decisions while being more lenient on the subordinates, which enables them to

Masculinity in commercials Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Masculinity in commercials - Research Paper Example Most movies illustrate that men with a lot of wealth are greatly admired many people in the society (Valentine, 2011). This also associates they power within the society. This makes them become role models within the society. Therefore; most persons would want to get to their levels. Men in successful business are also admired because of several reasons. One of the traits that makes them be greatly admired is the wealth of experience they posses. The experience enables to solve the daily problems they encounter at their work place (Anderson, 2007). The ability to solve problems is a character that is greatly admired by many. The major focus that makes them be admired is because of the wealth they posses. Wealth is admired by all people in the world. Movies and sports constantly display physical attractiveness men display. Physical attractiveness can be defined as the extent at which the physical traits of a person are pleasing aesthetically (Jones, 2010). Physical attractiveness also mean sexual attractiveness the men have. Physical attractiveness demonstrated by men depends on several factors. Some of these factors include the physical aspect of men. Physical attractions encompass perceptions that are universal besides those based on human cultures. In some instances, the term physical attractiveness also depends on the subjective preferences of the person judging a particular scenario. In movies, people have greatly admired males that are not only intelligent but also honest. According to research done in the United Kingdom, the results revealed that there is a stronger relationship between physical attractiveness and male gender attributes. The results showed that men who were physically attractive were equally intelligent. This is one of the reasons as to why people admire males that are physically attractive. They assume that they are also intelligent. Currently; psychologists are also contributing to the debate. They suggest that males that are physically attractive should be intelligent averagely (Little, 2006). According to psychologist, general intelligence, physical attractiveness is one of the contributing factors to genetic fitness in most men. The fitness most men display in sports like Rugby and football is attributed to physical attractiveness. This also makes men be attractive. Women admire men that are taller and are muscular. This guarantees them security from any form of harm. Further, the female genders prefer men that posses’ facial symmetry. Men should have facial dimorphism and a waist that is narrow. Finally, the shape of the torso should be a V-shaped. Sexual dimorphism trait in men is greatly admired in several ways. For example, heterosexual women prefer masculine face traits throughout their developmental stages. The aspects of masculine faces that are greatly admired include a fore head that is broad. A lower face that is relatively longer is equally admired in men. A brow and chin that is prominent is equally admired. Published literature reveals that males that are masculine have higher chances of achieving higher status in the society. Such Socio cultural factors associated with masculine traits also make men be admired (Christian, 2012). Other masculine traits are the perceived attractiveness in the society and conformity to genders. These factors play a great role in the preferences women have towards men. Beautiful women select masculine men with facial dimorphism. Their association with such men increases their

The Almanac of American Politics (2008) Essay Example for Free

The Almanac of American Politics (2008) Essay Presidential election results (2000, 2004) The following pages are quoted verbatim from the Almanac of American Politics, 2006 edition: American politics has devolved into a grim battle between two approximately equal-size armies in a take-no-prisoners culture war. In 2000, those armies fought to a near-draw—out of more than 100 million ballots cast, the presidency of the United States hinged on a breathtakingly slim 537-vote margin in Florida. Four years later, despite the occurrence of a recession, two wars, and a devastating terrorist attack on American soil, the two adversaries remain fairly evenly divided. In the wake of an acrimonious election where both political parties together spent roughly $4 billion on the federal elections the crisis spilled over into other areas of American politics: health and welfare spending, handling of the economy, and the continued occupation of Iraq and Afghanistan (Barone and Cohen, 2006) State Profile NEW JERSEY State Profile The following data and information about this state is taken from the 2006 Almanac of American Politics. â€Å"New Jersey boomed in the 1980s, suffered sharply in the early 1990s recession, came back strongly, and is now weathering the high-tech storms with mixed success.† At A Glance Size: 8,721 square miles Population in 2000: 8,414,350; 94.3% urban; 5.7% rural Population in 1990: 7,730,188 Population Change: Up 8.6% 1990-2000; Up 5.0% 1980-1990 Population Rank: 9th of 50; 3.0% of total U.S. population Most Populous Cities: Newark (277,911); Jersey City (239,097); Paterson (150,782); Elizabeth (123,215); Trenton (85,314) Registered Voters: 1,163,224 D (23.2%); 884,801 R (17.7%); 2,957,934 unaffiliated and minor parties (59.1%) State Senate: 22 D 18 R State General Assembly: 49 D 31 R State Legislative Term Limits: No Key Elected Officials Gov. Jon Corzine (D) Sen. Frank Lautenberg (D) Sen. Robert Menendez (D) Representatives: (6 D, 6 R, 1 V): Robert Andrews (D-01) Loida Nicolas Lewis (D-02) Jim Saxton (R-03) Chris Smith (R-04) Scott Garrett (R-05) Frank Pallone (D-06) Michael Ferguson (R-07) Bill Pascrell (D-08) Steven Rothman (D-09) Donald Payne (D-10) Rodney Frelinghuysen (R-11) Rush Holt (D-12) Vacant; formerly Robert Menendez (D-13) About New Jersey The Northeast has long been the nation’s least conservative region and turned out the biggest bonanza for the Democrats in their surge to an even greater House majority in 2008: 15 of the 25 seats the party took from the GOP were in the area.   Democrats say this â€Å"reverse alignment† — counterbalancing the Southern shift to the GOP — rolls on (The Electoral Map, 2007). â€Å"A valley of humility between two mountains of conceit: That is what Benjamin Franklin called New Jersey, which even in colonial days was overshadowed by the metropolises of New York and Philadelphia. New Jersey was named by King James II, then Duke of York, for the Channel Island on which he was sheltered during the English Civil War. But New Jersey has much to say for itself. It is a sort of laboratory in which the best blood is prepared for other communities to thrive on, Woodrow Wilson said when he was governor, just a tad defensively. Today, New Jersey is the nations tenth most populous state: It boomed in the 1980s, suffered sharply in the early 1990s recession, came back strongly, and is now weathering the high-tech storms with mixed success. New Jersey was the home of Thomas Edison and of the old Bell Labs; its successors Lucent and ATT were among its biggest employers in the 1990s. Other big employers include several of the nations biggest pharmaceutical firmsMerck, Johnson Johnson, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Novartis, Schering-Plough. These industries give the state a high-income, high-education work force, and in 2000 New Jersey passed Connecticut to boast the nations highest median household income. This is prosperous middle-income country, with more two-car than one-car families but fewer limousines than Manhattan, with an estimated 13,500 $1 million houses but not the multi-million dollar co-ops of Manhattan or mansions of Greenwich, Connecticut. Within New Jerseys close boundaries is great diversity, geographically from beaches to mountains, demographically from old Quaker stock to new Hispanics, economically from inner city slums to hunt country mansions. Though New York writers are inclined to look on New Jersey as a land of 1940s diners and 1970s shopping malls, this state much more closely resembles the rest of America than does Manhattan, even if its accents can sometimes be incomprehensible to outsiders. The Jersey City row houses seen on emerging from the Holland Tunnel, many renovated by Wall Street commuters and Latin immigrants, give way within a few miles to the skyscrapers of Newark and its new Performing Arts Center. Farther out are comfortably packed middle-income suburbs and the horse country around Far Hills, the university town of Princeton, old industrial cities like Paterson and Trenton, and dozens of suburban towns and small factory cities where people work and raise families over generations. Among them are commuter towns like Middletown, whose commuter trails lead to Lower Manhattan, and which lost dozens of neighbors on September 11. A year later, only 37% of New Jersey citizens said their lives had returned to normal and 29% said they would never be the same; 43% said they thought about the attacks every day. New Jersey has long been a magnet for immigrants, and it is again today. In 2000, 29% of its residents were born in another country or had a parent who was; only California and New York have larger percentages of foreign-born residents. Hudson County, the land along the ridge opposite Manhattan, was the home to hundreds of thousands of Irish, Italian, Polish and Jewish immigrants in the early 20th century; in 2003 it was 41% Hispanic, with Cubans, Puerto Ricans, Dominicans and Mexicans. Immigrants are plentiful in the little middle-American towns of Bergen County, Filipinos in Bergenfield, Guatemalans in Fairview, Koreans in Leonia, Indians in Lodi, Chinese in Palisades Park. The old central cities of Elizabeth and Paterson were half-Hispanic in 2000 and Camden, opposite Philadelphia, was 39% Hispanic. There is still a black majority in Newark, but it includes many of the Brazilians in the Ironbound district. New Jersey has all the ethnic variety that America offers. In the last two decades, a new New Jersey has sprouted. The oil tank farms and swamplands of the Jersey Meadows have become sports palaces and office complexes; the Singer factory in Elizabeth, the Western Electric factory in Kearny, the Ford plant in Mahwah, the Shulton plant in Clifton are all gone, replaced by shopping centers or hotels or other development, and the GM plant in Linden, the last New Jersey auto plant, closed in April 2005; the intersection of I-78 and I-287 has become a major shopping and office edge city; U.S. 1 north from Princeton to North Brunswick has become one of the nations high-tech centers. Even some of New Jerseys long-ailing central cities are perking up. New Jersey increasingly has an identity of its own. It is the home of big league football, basketball and hockey franchisesthough after nearly three decades, two of them have threatened to moveand of the worlds longest expanse of boardwalks on the Jersey Shore from Cape May to Sandy Hook. And New Jersey is one of Americas great gambling centers: Atlantic City, an hour from Philadelphia and two hours from Manhattan, had gambling revenues in 2006 ($8.2 billion) that nearly matched the Las Vegas strip ($8.8 billion). State government played an important role in building New Jersey identity and pride. In the 1970s, Governor Brendan Byrne started the Meadowlands sports complex and got casino gambling legalized in Atlantic City. Governor Tom Kean in the 1980s started education reforms and promoted the state shamelessly. The revolt against Governor Jim Florios tax increase in 1990 was led by the first all-New Jersey talk radio station and took on national significance with the 1993 election of Christine Todd Whitman, who later became EPA Administrator. In the next decade crime and welfare rolls dropped, but auto insurance and property taxes remain the highest in the nation. New Jersey, contained within two of the nations biggest metropolitan areas, was also a harbinger of the national trend in the big metro areas toward Bill Clintons Democrats. Not so long ago, suburban New Jersey was one of the most Republican of big states: It voted 56%-42% for the first George Bush in 1988. But in 1996 New Jersey voters, turned off by the congressional Republicans Southern leaders and by the national partys opposition to abortion and gun control, voted 54%-36% for Clinton and 53%-43% for Democrat Bob Torricelli for the Senate. In 1997 Whitman, despite cutting taxes, was reelected by only 47%-46% over little-known Democrat Jim McGreevey. In 2000 Al Gore carried the state 56%-40%. In 2001 McGreevey defeated Republican Bret Schundler for governor by 56%-42% and in 2002, after an unorthodox campaign, Democrat Frank Lautenberg defeated Republican Douglas Forrester for senator by 54%-44%very similar margins. Democrats cinched control of both houses of the legislature in 2003. New Jerseys politicians compete in a market that is the second most expensive in the nation, because they have to buy New York and Philadelphia television. And they have a special handicap, because those stations dont give state politics and government the in-depth coverage that voters in most states can expect. This gives an advantage to well-known candidates, like former Senator Bill Bradley, and to incumbents with a distinctive style and notable achievements, like Governors Byrne, Kean and Whitman, and to self-funders like Senator and gubernatorial candidate Jon Corzine. But it also means that high-income, highly educated New Jersey politics is often the business of county and city political machines, of varying degrees of competence, cronyism and corruption. It is, astonishingly, a great advantage in both parties to have the designation of the local county party on the primary ballot. A 1993 campaign finance law allowed county parties to take contributions 18 times as large as candidates could, so money is increasingly raised by chairmen of parties that have control of local government and can dole out contractsthe Jersey term is pay to playand then wheeled, or doled out, to favored candidates all over the state. McGreevey, elected in 2001 after his near-defeat of Whitman in 1997, was a product of the Middlesex County Democratic machine and served as both mayor of Woodbridge and state senatorin New Jersey, as in France, politicians can be town mayors and legislators at the same time. Second District, New Jersey 2008 Congressional Election Results (Second District, New Jersey) NJ-02 District Profile: Politically, Atlantic City often votes Democratic but has an antique Republican machine that goes back generations. 2008 Results: First-timer Loida Nicolas-Lewis (D) roundly defeated Frank LoBiondo (R) by 64-31% Loida Nicolas-Lewis (R) Nicolas-Lewis was nominated with 72% in a two-way primary. Contact: 212-756-8900 †¢Ã‚  Campaign Web site †¢Ã‚  Official Web site †¢Ã‚  Almanac biography Frank LoBiondo (D) Elected in 1994; Seeking eighth term; LoBiondo barely emerged from the primary with 50.5% pf the vote. Contact: 856-794-2004 †¢Ã‚  Campaign Web site †¢Ã‚  Official Web site †¢Ã‚  Almanac biography Profile of the District (Source: Almanac of American Politics) When the builders of the Camden Atlantic Railroad in 1852 extended the line to the little inlet town of Absecon, little did they know what would become Americas biggest beach resort, Atlantic City. Like all resorts, it was a product of developments elsewhere: of industrialization and spreading affluence, of railroad technology and the conquest of diseases which used to make summer a time of terror for parents and doctors. In the years after the Civil War, first Atlantic City and then the whole Jersey Shore from Brigantine to Cape May became Americas first seaside resort, and Atlantic City developed its characteristic features: the Boardwalk in 1870, the amusement pier in 1882, the rolling chair in 1884, salt water taffy in the 1890s, Miss America in 1921. By 1940, 16 million Americans visited every summer, Atlantic City was a common mans resort of old traditions; but the place became less popular after World War II as people could afford nicer vacations. By the early 1970s, Atlantic City was grim. Then in 1977, New Jersey voters legalized casino gambling in Atlantic City and gleaming new hotels sprang up, big name entertainers came in and Atlantic City became more glamorous than it had been in 90 years. But not for all of its residents: Casino and hotel jobs tend to be low-wage, and the slums begin just feet from the massive parking lots of the casinos. In the 1990s Atlantic Citys gambling business was thrivingcasinos came out ahead $4.3 billion in 2000and huge new casinos were built on both Boardwalk and bayside. Over Donald Trumps objections, Steve Wynn won approval of a new tunnel, which would permit him to build a new casino in the marina district. Now listed among the top 10 House districts nationwide for tourist economies, Atlantic City is growing into what Las Vegas has become, not just a collection of gaudy casinos but a gaggle of theme parks, with entertainment for the family as well as adults. The Jersey Shore south of Atlantic City is a string of different resorts. Behind the Shore are swamp and flatland, the Pine Barrens and vegetable fields that gave New Jersey the name Garden State. Growth has been slow in these small towns and gas station intersections, communities in whose eerie calmness in the summer you can hear mosquitoes whining. In the flatness, you can also find towns clustered around low-wage apparel factories or petrochemical plants on the Delaware estuary; the Northeast high-tech service economy has not reached this far south in Jersey yet. This part of South Jersey makes up the 2d Congressional District. Politically, it has strong Democratic presences in the chemical industry towns along the Delaware River and in Vineland and a strong Republican presence in Cape May; Atlantic City often votes Democratic.   The party carried the area in all 1990s statewide elections and won easily in the 1996 and 2000 presidential races. This is prime marginal territory, off the beaten track of Northeast politics. The Incumbent New Jersey 2d voters finally gave seven-termer Frank LoBiondo the boot long after he had promised not to run for more than six terms.   Even loyal Republicans angrily crossed party lines owing to a series of indiscretions and scandals.   Chief of these was involvement in the Abscam scandal and the revelation that Harrah’s had been the single biggest contributor to his campaigns all along.   Sentiment against the Iraq war also focused on his voting record of going along with every bill sponsored by the White House that related to funding and deployment in that country and Afghanistan. Other aspects of his legislative record that came to light in a bad way were having voted with DeLay seven in eight times, agreeing to weaken ethics rules and assenting to bringing indictment hearings behind closed doors.   The last straw turned out to be outtakes from the local Harrah’s security cameras proving it was LoBiondo after all who had been, and still was, carrying on an affair with Vicki Iseman the telecoms lobbyist whom the New York Times had wrongly linked with John McCain. Mere minutes after LoBiondo conceded the election in November, his wife held her own press conference to announce she was divorcing LoBiondo.   The following day, a downcast ex-congressmen was seen off at the airport departing for parts unknown, muttering something about getting in a few rounds of golf with the Bushes. The 2008 Election Winner Loida Nicolas Lewis Born: July 20, 1957 Family: Husband, Reginald (deceased); two daughters Religion: Roman Catholic Education: St. Theresa’s College (Philippines), A.B. 1972 (summa cum laude) University of the Philippines, Ll.B. 1976 (summa cum laude) Harvard, J.D. 1985 Career: Chairman/CEO, Beatrice International Holdings, Inc. President, Confederation of Asian-American Associations Immigration lawyer Elected Office: None 2008 New Member Profiles New Jerseys Second District: Loida Nicolas-Lewis (D) The Almanac of American Politics  © National Journal Group Inc. From out of nowhere and riding a wave of anti-administration sentiment among minorities in the district, the inexperienced but highly intelligent and articulate Loida Lewis captured the imagination of voters and soundly trounced the incumbent by an unprecedented 2:1 margin.   No one was more surprised than Representative LoBiondo himself. Loida first came to national attention and even gained a measure of fame after her husband, the famed African-American deal-maker Reginald Lewis engineered a leveraged buyout of Beatrice Foods International.   On completing the LBO deal with the help of Michael Milliken at Drexel Burnham Lambert, the press hailed Reginald and the flagship TLC Beatrice as the most successful African-American enterprise ever.   When Reginald foundered in his choice of domestic acquisitions that would allow Beatrice to balance industry cycles in Europe and especially after Reginald’s death, Loida earned the respect of minority stakeholders for her business acumen as CEO. Three months before the primaries, Loida landed in the short list of Gov. Corzine owing to her decade-long work with minority associations on both coasts.   An informal dinner with campaign managers of Sen. Obama and President-Elect Clinton made the choice official. In the ensuing campaign, Loida Lewis proved herself a soft-spoken but very articulate and highly moral rival to the flagging and corruption-prone image of the incumbent.   With unfailingly good press, unanimous support from every minority association and church group, and extremely good rapport with businessmen, Loida Lewis was happy enough to leave the mudslinging to the press.   To no one’s surprise, she won handily and immediately won kudos from the House leadership. THIS SECTION ADAPTED FROM ALMANAC OF AMERICAN POLITICS 2008 (Almanac, 2007) Committees Foreign Relations (10th of 11 D) European Affairs; African Affairs; East Asian Pacific Affairs; International Development Foreign Assistance, Economic Affairs International Environmental Protection. Health, Education, Labor Pensions (11th of 11 D) Employment Workplace Safety; Children Families. Homeland Security Governmental Affairs (8th of 9 D) Federal Financial Management, Government Information, Federal Services International Security; Investigations; State, Local Private Sector Preparedness Integration. Veterans Affairs (2nd of 8 D). Group Ratings ADA ACLU AFS LCV ITIC NTU COC ACU CFG FRC    2008 95 83 100 100 75 16 55 8 7 0 2009 100 100 95 6 39 8 0 National Journal Ratings 2008 LIB 2008 CONS   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2009 LIB 2009 CONS ECONOMIC 87% 12% 87% 0% SOCIAL 77% 18% 77% 21% FOREIGN 76% 15% 85% 12% Key Votes Of The 109th Congress 1 Bar ANWR Drilling Y 2 FY06 Spending Curb N 3 Estate Tax Repeal N 4 Raise Minimum Wage Y 5 Recognize Filipino WW2 veterans Y 6 Path to Citizenship Y 7 Bar Same Sex Marriage Y 8 Stem Cell Research $ N 9 Limit Interstate Abortion Y 10 CAFTA Y 11 Urge Iraq Withdrawal Y 12 Provide Detainee Rights Y References Almanac (2007) Almanac of American politics 2008. National Journal. Barone, M. and Cohen, R. E. (2006) The almanac of American politics, 2006. Retrieved February 29, 2008 from http://www.press.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/hfs.cgi/00/161479.ctl. The Electoral Map (2007) Do Democrats still have room for growth in the northeast? Retrieved February 29, 2008 from http://theelectoralmap.com/2007/11.

Fear of Flying: More Than a Feminist Novel :: Feminism Feminist Women Criticism

Fear of Flying: More Than a Feminist Novel The fears of Isadora: Her religion (Semi-Jewish), her love life (second husband, seventh analyst; Bennett), her gender (a woman in America! In the sixties!), her career (Writer: one book), sex (are women supposed to enjoy that?), her mother (Jude, an artist who danced naked in France), her sisters (all married, with at least two children apiece), her children (none), her name (Isadora White? Isadora Wing? Isadora White Stollerman Wing Goodlove?) and flying; Isadora has a fear of flying. Some would say that Fear of Flying , by Erica Jong is merely a feminist novel. It is, but it's more than that. Fear of Flying is a novel about a woman in search of her name and the source of her fears; it is a novel about inner conflict. The main character of the novel is Isadora, a woman in her early thirties in the late sixties. What begins as a work related trip to Vienna with her analyst husband ends as a journey filled with personal revelations. At the conference Isadora develops an infatuation which fuels her need to discover "what is wrong" with her. Traveling throughout Europe with a man who is not her husband she discovers her true self through her complete loss of security. Therein lies the principal irony of Fear of Flying; the journey that the main character takes in order to gain the traits that she sees in her heroines only leads her to find that they were hidden within herself. Isadora is the charicature of irony itself. The opening chapter sets the tone for the entire novel, which is written like a conversation with one's analyst: casual but intimate. Her odyssey, in fact, begins on a plane full of psychoanalysts. As she puts it: she'd been "treated by at least six of them. And married a seventh." (p. 1) This is a great example of Isadora's outwardly nonchalant views of her own problems. Her own view of her life and her inner monologue pull the reader into her literal and symbolic fear of flying and her lifelong struggle with them. From the beginning she shares with us thirteen years of analysis and counting, yet it is the 336 pages in which we watch her slowly untangle her own conflicts that show the readers the lesson which we were intended to learn. Isadora is an extremely intelligent character.

High School Compared to the University Essay

High school and university are two important levels of every education’s foundation in the world. It educates students and gives them the knowledge to help them promote their ability position in the future. The first similarity thing is both of them, high school and university, have the same purpose and benefits. Students in high school and university will be educated by teacher through giving them more knowledge not only from text books but also from teacher’s experiences, training them how to improve their skill in learning and help them to take form their personality. The second thing, also similar, is the structure. Every grade has different kind of knowledge to study, but the first year is usually more general than the last year which is the busiest time in student’s life for difficult exams, good scores, and working hard for graduation. However, there are also many obvious differences between high school and university. Teaching styles in high school are obviously different from those in university. Teachers in high schools teach detailed knowledge and facts step by step. They guide students attentively. Also, teachers in high school usually take time to remind students of assignments and the date of tests. In contrast, instructors in university go through the textbooks quickly. They prepare a syllabus distributing and discussing it in the first day of class. Therefore, students should follow the syllabus without reminding about assignments or exams. With the change of teaching styles, students have to adjust their learning strategies. After understanding, students in high school not only memorize the content in textbooks, but refer to ready-made notes which are organized by teachers. All they need to do is study diligently. Because of it, they lack the opportunities to think by themselves. Unlike high school, students in university need to learn how to organize and arrange the big amounts of materials by themselves. Also, analyzing the information and brainstorming are essential abilities. Furthermore, high school students are somewhat more passive than university students. They usually depend on patient and hard-working teachers. On the contrary, university students need to study spontaneously. The last difference is the attendance polices. In High School the teachers are always on students about attendance. They probably call their parents and let them know if the students miss classes. On the contrary, in university the teachers do not care whether or not students are in class. It means that if students are not there, they are going to get a failing grade. So they have to be responsible to succeed. In conclusion, high school and university prepare students to think independently and critically.

The United States, Japan and China Difference In Approaches To Managing People - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2498 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Compare and contrast essay Level High school Did you like this example? For the United States, Japan and China evaluate how approaches to managing people differ and how these differences can be explained by cultural context. Date authored: 26 th May, 2014 Introduction In this international age of business where firms operate in many different parts of the globe, it is important to note that approaches to management may differ across cultures. In setting up a new office in, for example, China or Japan, potential managers should seek to adapt to the different cultural practices of the host country in order to better manage their workforce and achieve productivity. In this essay, we shall, firstly, discuss methods of measuring key dimensions of culture, and then using said dimensions, look at the different management styles between three countries; China, Japan and the US, currently the three largest economies in terms of GDP, and seek to determine how each approach is shaped by the unique cultural contexts of each country. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The United States, Japan and China Difference In Approaches To Managing People" essay for you Create order Measuring Key Dimensions of Culture In order to measure the potential effects of culture on the behaviour of said cultures firms and managers, Geert Hofstede (2001), while working for IBM in the late 70s and early 80s, identified six key dimensions of culture that could be measured through use of survey data and indexed values, namely; Time Orientation (Long Term vs Short Term); a measure of the extent to which each society values history, heritage and tradition whether it prefers to uphold traditional values and is more resistant to new ideas and technology (Long Term Orientation) or whether it is more fluid, less focussed on the past and more open to change (Short Term Orientation); Power Distance (High vs Low), which measures how well the society in question handles uneven distributions of power; whether it is generally accepted and understood as a fact of life (high power distance) or whether it is held to be deeply unfair, unnatural, and something to be railed against (low power distance); Individ ualism vs Collectivism; a measure of the extent to which a sense of community and collective responsibility exists, and whether it is thought to be more important than individualist beliefs and desires. Individualist societies tend to value independence, privacy and personal fulfilment, while collectivist societies tend to value group interdependence and a repression of personal ambition when it is misaligned with communal values; Uncertainty Avoidance (Weak vs Strong), which measures the extent to which each society is comfortable dealing with risk, uncertainty and ambiguity –societies with high degrees of uncertainty avoidance tend to be highly regulated and value careful planning and structure, while societies with low degrees of uncertainty avoidance tend to be more pragmatic, and accept change and risk as factors of life; Masculinity vs Femininity; a measure of societal gender differentiation – in ‘masculine cultures, gender roles are highly differ entiated and society as a whole places higher values on competition, ambition, and personal achievement whereas in ‘feminine societies gender roles are less starkly defined and more equal, and society tends to place higher values on relationship building, modesty and group harmony (Hofstede and Minkov, 2010). The US American society traditionally has a tendency to value individualism and personal freedoms – indeed, such ideals can be seen in the idea of ‘The American Dream, which postulates that anyone can achieve great wealth and success through individual hard work and determination. With regard to the Hofstede (2001) dimensions of cultural influence; Source: Gallant (2013) The United States scores low on the measure of Power Distance, suggesting that American culture is generally intolerant of uneven distributions of power and prefers to see all men as equal (as is laid out in the American Declaration of Independence). It also scores low on Time Orientation, suggesting US society prefers to embrace change and adapt to new ideas rather than sticking to more traditional approaches. It scores quite highly on Masculinity vs Femininity, which is perhaps a reflection of the traditional American respect for competition and ambition. Unsurprisingly, it scores very highly in the measure of Individualism vs Collectivism, a reflection of the deeply held belief in individual freedoms and independence which has been a mainstay of American culture since the war of independence. This strong sense of individualism is reflected in the American approach to management. Generally, American managers are expected to deal with employees as individuals, rather than as a collective – the ‘open door approach to management, where employees are free to approach and discuss issues, suggestions and ideas with upper management, is a uniquely American approach to management that has gained traction in other parts of the world (Laurent, 2006) as it allows employees to feel that their ideas and opinions are valued by those higher up the corporate ladder. American managers are often viewed as facilitators, helping employees to develop personal talents and understanding the individual strengths and weaknesses of those they oversee (Lewis, 2000). Indeed, many American employers use psychometric tests in their hiring process, to determine an applicants individual skill level and expected role within the team (Jenkins, 2001). Indeed, skill-based human resource management theories and practices have quickly gained traction in many American firms (Lawler, 1992), reflecting the US cultural practice of embracing new ideas and valuing individu al contributions. There is also a strong sense of competition prevalent in the American approach to management, with promotions tending to go to those who have been seen to ‘rise above the rest, rather than merely to those who have had the longest tenure (Morris and Pinnington, 2012). The study by Morris and Pinnington (2012) shows that many US manufacturing firms (around a third of those studied, including several of the largest) have an â€Å"up-or-out† approach to employee promotion, whereby if an employee has not risen to the next level of the career ladder by a specified time, they are asked to leave the firm. A study by Gibbons and Waldman (1999) shows that workers in US firms who receive promotions early in their career tend to then be promoted quickly to the next level again, suggesting that individual achievement and ambition is both recognised and rewarded. China Chinese society is highly influenced by the teachings of Confucius, where all relationships are seen as inherently unequal; both elders and superiors are to be automatically given the utmost respect, and where the group is held to be far more important than the individual (Yum, 2009). This emphasis on group cohesion over individual freedoms was further influenced by the advent of Chinese communism in 1949, and the formation of the Peoples Republic of China. While China has become decidedly less socialist economically over the past two decades, owing mainly to Deng Xiaopings economic reforms of 1978 and 1992, it still remains a communist country, and its socialist ideology is still highly prevalent in everyday life (Yum, 2009) With regard to the Hofstede (2001) dimensions of cultural influence; Source: Gallant (2013) China scores highly on the measure of Power Distance, reflecting the fact that Chinese society inherently accepts uneven power distribution and inequality as a fact of life. Unsurprisingly, China scores very low on the measure of Individualism vs Collectivism, given both the Confucianist and the ruling Communist Partys emphasis on obedience to the state and group cohesion. It scores relatively highly on the measure of Masculinity vs Femininity, suggesting that gender roles are fairly strictly defined, and that ambition and assertiveness are valued, although mainly when they are used for the benefit of the group/state. China scores very highly on Time Orientation, suggesting that Chinese culture is very traditional and conservative, placing great emphasis on traditional values and methods. They also score very low on Uncertainty Avoidance, suggesting that Chinese society generally does not tolerate uncertainty, and prefers rules and strict structures to be in place. This ca n be seen in the fact that Chinese organisations tend to be highly structured and hierarchical, with each individual having a strict distinct role within the organisation (Lewis, 2000). Chinese managers tend to be very autocratic, and most decision-making is made from the top-down with little consultation (Gallant, 2013). Chinese decision making tends to be highly directive, task-oriented and low in cognitive complexity, with little room for interpretation (Martinson and Davison, 2005). Senior managers often have close ties to the Communist Party, and often important business decisions – especially those related to international trade – are scrutinised by party officials before being made (Osland, 1990). Chinese society emphasises the need for social cohesion, and the avoidance of conflict. Lockett (1988) suggests that the Chinese approach to management is much more people and relationship-oriented, and less performance-driven than in the West. When it comes to promotion, managers tend to promote those who are seen to be trustworthy and reliable rather than those who have sought to ‘rise above the rest at the expense of others (which is seen to be harmful to group cohesion), and length of tenure is also a highly important factor in determining promotion prospects (Ding et al, 1997). Japan Japanese society in general emphasises politeness and modesty as key virtues to be upheld – in a country with one of the highest urban population densities in the world, such virtues are important in maintaining social cohesion (Clammer, 2011). Japan was essentially closed to the outside world, apart from occasional contact with Dutch traders, until 1854, when the US Navy forced it to open its borders to trade (Totman, 2005). Since then, it has established itself as the third largest economy in the world in terms of GDP, behind the US and China at first and second place, respectively. With regard to the Hofstede dimensions of cultural influence; Source: Gallant (2013) Japan scores low on the measure of Individualism vs Collectivism, suggesting that Japanese society values group cohesion and social relationships over individual desires and accomplishments. Japan scores very highly on the measure of Masculinity vs Femininity, suggesting a high emphasis on fixed gender roles and on competition. It also scores very highly on Uncertainty Avoidance suggesting a high importance placed on the value of structure and rule formation, which can be interpreted as a holdover of its imperial past and its emphasis on a strict social hierarchy (Benedict, 1967). This is unsurprising given the high score for the measure of Time Orientation, which demonstrates Japanese culture is generally rather traditionalist and conservative. Although Japan scores low on the measure of individualism, Japanese managers tend to invest a great deal in their employees skills and development – in many Japanese firms, new employees spend around six to twelve months in t raining in each division of the company, so they can understand the different aspects of the firms organisation (Gallant, 2013). This ties in to the Japanese emphasis on structure and collectivism – each employee knows their role, and understands the role others play in the firms activities. Japanese decision making tends to be very collaborative – the Japanese concept of ‘hourenshou captures this perfectly. It refers to the necessity of reporting on both your own work and that of others, in ensuring everyone involved in the process is kept informed on how each piece of work is progressing (Clammer, 2011). Often, decisions are made at the middle management level, after consulting with subordinates, and are then passed up the chain to upper-level management to implement. Top management is seen as more of a facilitator than as a strictly authoritarian body. This idea of group responsibility is also upheld in the Japanese concept of ‘genchi genbutsu whi ch translates roughly as the need to get ones hands dirty when one spots a problem, regardless of role or level. Thus, top-level management are often willing to pitch in on a project to help it succeed, even if said project is many levels below (Clammer, 2011). The Japanese approach to promotion emphasises both seniority, maintenance of group cohesion, and modesty – the higher a manager rises, the more modest and unassuming he needs to appear (Suzuki, 1986). In Japan, it is generally expected for an employee to spend his working life at one company, slowly developing their individual skills and moving up the ranks, reflecting both the Japanese cultural preference for strong structure and organisation and avoidance of ambiguity, and in Japanese societys preferred long-term approach to Time Orientation. Conclusion While links can be drawn between each countrys unique cultural dimensions and its approach to management, care should be taken when applying such knowledge. As with any sweeping generalisations, there are many exceptions to the rule. However, such generalisations can still be useful as Lewis (2000) notes, â€Å"Determining national characteristics is treading a minefield of inaccurate assessment and surprising exception†¦there is, however, such a thing as a national norm† (Lewis, 2000, p3). So while not every Japanese manager will be modest, self-effacing and open to collaborative decision making; or every Chinese manager autocratic and avoiding of conflict; or every American manager highly competitive and performance-focused; such archetypes are generally successful in each area of cultural context, and the conscientiousness manager would do well to keep these national differences in mind while dealing with one of the aforementioned nations. References Benedict, R (1967), The Chrysanthemum and the Sword: Patterns of Japanese Culture, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, Boston Clammer, J (2011), Contemporary Urban Japan, John Wiley and Sons, Oxford Ding, D, Fields, D and Akhtar, S (1997), ‘An empirical study of human resource management policies and practices in foreign-invested enterprises in China: the case of Shenzen Special Economic Zone, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, Volume 8, Issue 5, pg 595-613 Gallant, M (2013), The Business of Culture: How Culture Affects Management Around the World [Online], Available; https://www.halogensoftware.com/blog/the-business-of-culture-how-culture-affects-management-around-the-world [Accessed 21st May 2014] Gibbons, R and Waldman, M (1999), ‘A Theory of Wage and Promotion Dynamics Inside Firms, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Volume 144, Issue 4, pg 1321-1358 Hofstede, G (2001), Cultures Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviours, Institut ions and Organisations across Nations, SAGE Publications, New York Hofstede, G and Minkov, M (2010), Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind, McGraw-Hill, New York Jenkins, A (2001), Companies Use of Psychometric Testing and the Changing Demand for Skills: A Review of the Literature, [Online], Available; https://eprints.lse.ac.uk/19541/1/Companies_use_of_psychometric_testing_and_the_changing_demand_for_skills_A_review_of_the_literature.pdf [Accessed 21st May 2014] Laurent, A (2006), ‘The Cross-Cultural Puzzle of International Human Resource Management, Human Resource Management, Volume 25, Issue 1, pg 91-102 Lawler, E (1992), ‘A Skill-Based Approach to Human Resource Management, European Management Journal, Volume 10, Issue 4, pg 383-391 Lewis, R (2000), When Cultures Collide: Managing Successfully Across Cultures, Nicholas Brealey Publishing, London Lockett, M (1988), ‘Culture and the Problems of Chinese Management, Organisation Studies, Volume 914, pg 475 496 Martinson, M and Davison, R (2005), ‘Strategic decision making and support systems: Comparing American, Japanese and Chinese management, Decision Support Systems, Volume 43, pg 284 300 Morris, T and Pinnington, A (2012), ‘Promotion to Partner in Professional Service Firms, Human Relations, Volume 51, January, pg 3-24 Osland, G (1990), ‘Doing Business in China: A Framework for Cross-cultural Understanding, Marketing Intelligence and Planning, Volume 8, Issue 4, pg 4-14 Suzuki, N (1986), ‘Mid-Career Crisis in Japanese Business Organisations, Journal of Management Development, Volume 5, issue 5, pg 23-32 Totman, C (2005), A History of Japan, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford Yum, J (2009), The impact of Confucianism on interpersonal relationships and communication patterns in east Asia, [Online], Available; https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03637758809376178#.U4Aw33JdXHQ [Accessed 21st May 2014]